Blood in the urine is the most common early sign. Here is how bladder tumours are diagnosed, how TURBT removes them through the urinary passage, and why follow-up matters.

Endoscopic view of a bladder tumour being removed with the resectoscope loop during TURBT.
Painless blood in the urine is the most common early sign of a bladder tumour. It can also come from infection or stones — but in adults it should always be checked. Read about blood in urine →
Irritation that doesn't settle with treatment for infection.
Needing to go often, sometimes with discomfort.
Smoking is the biggest risk factor; some chemical and dye exposure at work also adds risk.
Urine tests and an ultrasound (USG KUB) in the clinic during the same visit.
A thin, flexible camera looks inside the bladder in the OPD, under local anaesthetic jelly — a few minutes, no admission.
A CT scan (CT urography) checks the kidneys and ureters as well, when advised.
Transurethral resection of bladder tumour removes the tumour through the urinary passage using a resectoscope — there is no cut on the body. The tissue, including some of the muscle beneath it, is sent for testing. This both treats the tumour and tells us exactly what it is.
The obturator nerve runs just outside the side wall of the bladder. When a tumour sits on the side wall, the electric current from the resecting loop can stimulate this nerve and make the thigh jerk suddenly — the obturator jerk.
A sudden jerk at that moment can push the loop too deep into the bladder wall. Spinal anaesthesia does not stop this reflex. General anaesthesia with muscle relaxation keeps you completely still, so the tumour can be removed safely and completely.
For selected small tumours away from the side walls, other anaesthesia may be suitable — this is discussed with you and the anaesthetist beforehand.
The biopsy report decides the plan. Many bladder tumours are found early and are confined to the inner lining.
Bladder tumours can come back, so check cystoscopies are done at regular intervals — even after a clear result.
For some tumours, a course of medicine (such as BCG or chemotherapy) is placed into the bladder through a catheter to reduce recurrence.
In some cases a repeat TURBT a few weeks later is advised to make sure no tumour remains. Deeper tumours need further treatment, discussed in detail.
Not every growth is cancer, but most bladder tumours need to be removed and tested. Many are found early, when they are confined to the inner lining and can be treated effectively.
The obturator nerve runs just outside the side wall of the bladder. Current from the resecting loop can stimulate it and cause a sudden leg jerk (obturator jerk), which can push the loop too deep. General anaesthesia with muscle relaxation keeps you still, so the tumour can be removed safely and completely.
No. TURBT is done through the urinary passage with a resectoscope. There is no external wound.
Usually 1–3 days. A catheter is kept until the urine is clear, and then removed before you go home.
Bladder tumours can recur, which is why regular check cystoscopies are important. Medicine placed into the bladder and stopping smoking both help lower the risk.
A short OPD test with a thin flexible camera to look inside the bladder, usually under local anaesthetic jelly. The first one is typically about 3 months after TURBT.
Yes, it should always be checked — even if it happened only once and was painless. Evaluation usually includes urine tests, an ultrasound, and often a cystoscopy or CT scan.
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Medically reviewed by Dr. Nameirakpam Shantajit, M.Ch Urology (MMC Reg. No. MNP 150) · Last reviewed: 10 October 2026